Key Questions.
Customer Focus
Short Answer.
Products with a high purchase price are well suited for the subscription-based model since such models spread the cost of the product over manageable monthly payments. Paying $30 a month is far more attractive than paying $1000 in one go. Especially during economic uncertainty, high prices create a barrier between your product and your potential customer, often leading to hesitation or delay in purchase decisions.
The subscription business model is the perfect solution to break that barrier — a low financial barrier reduces the risk and uncertainty in trying out a new or expensive product, thus making the product a lot more accessible and attractive.
Detailed Answer.
The Situation
When life conditions change or when economic conditions become unstable, consumers become more careful with their money. Consumers often hesitate to purchase products that are considered to be more expensive or require a financial commitment and as a result delay the purchase decision.
The Problem
Delayed purchase decision of the consumers can cause a number of problems for businesses that sell high-priced products such as:
- Lower sales volume and reduced revenue
- Inventory management challenges
- Reduced cash flow
The solution
Subscription-based business models offer a strategic solution to the challenges faced by companies selling high-priced products during periods of economic uncertainty or when consumer preferences change. By offering products through subscriptions, companies can make prices more appealing and manageable for consumers since the the cost is spread over time.
The Benefit
Adding a subscription-based business model to your existing business keeps your business ahead of the curve and in sync with consumer preferences. In addition to overcoming the challenge of lower sales volume and reduced revenue, subscription-based business models can support businesses in developing an additional revenue stream.
In fact, according to McKinsey & Company, "History has shown that building new businesses amid economic volatility is an offensive play that tends to reward companies with higher revenue growth and earnings compared with peers that retrench."
Access the full article on New-business building: A winning strategy in uncertain times by McKinsey & Co.
Example: Apple offers various financing options for their products. Doing so makes their high-quality products more accessible and appealing to customers with varying budgets
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Company Focus
Short Answer.
Ever since sustainability has climbed the corporate agenda, businesses across the globe are looking for ways to become more sustainable, reach carbon neutrality and reduce their carbon footprint.
And while exploring the answer to the question "How do we reach our sustainability goals?", majority of the companies come to the same conclusion — a subscription-based business model is essential and central to achieving sustainability goals.
A subscription-based business model creates a closed-loop way of consuming products, where products are built to last and their lifecycle can be extended through sharing among multiple consumers.
By integrating a subscription-based model, companies not only prolong product lifecycles through circular practices but also minimise waste by extracting valuable materials from products.
Detailed Answer.
The Situation
Ever since sustainability has climbed the corporate agenda, businesses across the globe are looking for ways to become more sustainable, reach carbon neutrality and reduce their carbon footprint.
The motivation to do so comes from different avenues such as internal, competitor, market push and government regulations.
No business leader doubts that sustainability should be on the company's agenda and as a result companies across the globe are taking carbon emissions more seriously and looking at topics like sustainable supply chain, sustainable products, sustainable raw materials, sustainability in the workforce, sustainable business models etc.
The Problem
But once you have a sustainable product, sustainable production process, sustainable packaging and a sustainable distribution process, is that the end of your sustainability strategy and journey?
No matter how sustainable the production process is, if products still end up in landfills, we’ll continue going in circles.
The solution
A subscription-based business model is the missing puzzle piece helps keep products away from landfills specially when they still have useful life in them. Subscriptions create a closed-loop way of consuming products where products are built to last and their lifecycle can be extended through sharing among multiple consumers.
In a subscription model, consumers have the motivation and incentive to return the product back to the vendor/manufacturer.
Ultimately, products don't end up in landfills because at the end of the rental cycle, they are either pushed into another rental cycle, refurbished, or recycled for parts that go into the manufacturing process of more products.
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The Benefit
Not only does a subscription-based business model keep products from landfills and extend their lifecycle, it also enables companies to learn more about the usability of their product directly from the consumers. A subscription-based business model not only aligns with sustainability goals but also offers several possibilities in achieving them.
Example: Companies like Apple, Yuno, Bugaboo and more are taking active steps towards becoming responsible and have identifies subscriptions as a key component in doing so.
Apple's Trade In and iPhone Upgrade Program
Apple already have a trade-in system in place where Apple customers can send their old Apple products in exchange for apple credits.

Apple also offers an iPhone upgrade program, which is a subscription in which members pay a fixed recurring fee and can exchange their old iPhones for newer models.
Both programs enable Apple to get access to their old iPhones. Since iPhones are high-quality and build to last, Apple can extract tons of useful material from the old iPhones and use it for the production of new ones or resell them on second-hand market places.

Yuno & Grover's Consumer Electronics Subscription Service
Companies like Grover and Yuno, who sell products but don't make them, are also taking steps towards sustainability. They've introduced subscription-based models, which means customers can rent products instead of buying them outright. This helps in making products last longer and encourages circular use, reducing waste and promoting a more sustainable way of consumption.

Product focus
Short Answer.
Many companies wonder if a subscription model makes sense for their product. What they may not realise is that physical products, both consumable and durable/long-lasting, are perfect for a subscription-based business model.
Examples like meal kits, beauty products, furniture, and electronics subscriptions show the versatility.
The underlying trend is clear: servitisation of products is becoming increasingly popular. So whether your product is durable/long-lasting or consumable, a subscription model could be a smart move to tap into this growing market. And transitioning to subscription-based revenue models early on provides a chance for accelerated growth.
Detailed Answer.
When people used to think of subscriptions, they often thought of services like Netflix and Spotify—mainly digital subscriptions. The presence of such services has created a sense of familiarity with the subscription model.
This familiarity has now extended to physical products as well. If you have a physical product, a subscription-based business model could be a great fit for your business. Subscription models work exceptionally well with physical products like cars, bikes, baby strollers, consumer electronics, home appliances, solar panels, machinery, medical equipment etc., because they enable the circularity of products. This means your products can be reused, refurbished, recycled, or resold, extending their lifecycle and minimising waste.
As for consumable products that are perishable in nature such as coffee beans, meal kits, single-use medical equipment, etc., the repeat purchase cycle makes them ideal for a subscription model. Subscribers can receive regular deliveries, ensuring they never run out of their essentials. This convenience encourages customer loyalty and repeat purchases, creating a steady revenue stream for the vendor. Launching a subscription-based model for perishable items like coffee beans offers the opportunity for faster growth.
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Additionally you can create great value if you can combine the two. For example, imagine offering a subscription for a coffee machine alongside one for coffee beans and filters. This unique combination allows customers to enjoy the convenience of regular deliveries for consumables while also providing access to durable goods that enhance their overall experience.

Short Answer.
Many companies have been offering alternative solutions to traditional ownership or purchasing models. While this trend has primarily existed in the industrial sector in the past, it is now becoming increasingly popular in the consumer sector as well.
Examples such as car subscriptions, solar panel subscriptions, heat pump subscriptions, and consumer electronics subscriptions highlight this shift.
If you see your competitors already providing flexible alternatives to ownership or purchase, it indicates a growing demand for such solutions. It is in your best interest to offer a similar solution to stay in line with industry and consumer trends. Failing to do so could mean falling out of sync with the evolving market landscape and risking the longevity of the business.
Detailed Answer.
The Situation:
Consumers today are increasingly seeking flexible solutions, driven by economic uncertainties that make them cautious about purchasing expensive products outright. Many companies have responded to this demand by offering alternatives to traditional ownership models, often aiming to create more attractive offers for customers.
Examples such as car subscriptions, solar panel subscriptions, heat pump subscriptions, and consumer electronics subscriptions highlight this shift. The market is evolving towards more flexible and sustainable ways of accessing products, driven by consumer demand for convenience and environmental consciousness.
The Problem
For companies not adapting to this trend, there lies a risk of falling behind in an ever-changing market landscape. If you see your competitors already providing flexible alternatives to ownership or purchase, it indicates a growing demand for such solutions. This presents a challenge for businesses that continue to rely solely on traditional sales models. Failing to offer subscription-based options may result in losing market share, customer loyalty, and revenue opportunities. This lack of adaptability to changing consumer preferences could jeopardise the longevity and competitiveness of the business.
The Solution
Rethinking the business model is no longer just an option but a necessity to remain relevant in the competitive landscape. Offering alternatives to purchasing, such as subscription models or rent-to-own options, has emerged as an attractive strategy. These models not only cater to consumer preferences for flexibility but also come with added advantages and benefits, making them a win-win for both businesses and consumers. This shift towards innovative business models is essential for companies aiming to stay ahead of the curve and maintain a strong foothold in the market.
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Short Answer.
Manufacturers and retailers often find their products being sold on second-hand marketplaces without gaining any benefit from these sales. This means they miss out on potential revenue from subsequent sales and additionally loose control over their brand image and product quality.
What's interesting is that manufacturers such as Dyson are now actively selling refurbished products on platforms like eBay. This strategic move indicates their awareness of the significant market for second-hand purchases of their products.
By establishing themselves as the primary providers of second-hand and refurbished goods, they solidify their position in the market and maintain control over their brand image and product quality.
Detailed Answer.
Presence on second-hand marketplaces indicates potential demand for pre-owned goods, suggesting opportunities for extending product lifecycles through resale or rental services. For example, if your business deals with baby goods, furniture, home appliances, or consumer electronics, seeing your products on second-hand marketplaces can signify a thriving market for gently used items. This presence on recommence platforms not only suggests sustainability by reducing waste but also presents opportunities for additional revenue streams through resale or rental services.
The Situation
Many manufacturers and retailers have noticed their products appearing on second-hand marketplaces, yet they often do not benefit from these sales. This means they miss out on potential revenue from the second or third sales of their products.
The Problem
This situation not only represents a loss of revenue but also raises concerns about brand control and product quality. Not only are businesses unable to capitalise on the market for their used products, resulting in missed revenue opportunities, this situation also leads to uncertainties about the control of their brand image and the quality of their products in the secondary market.
The solution
Launching a subscription-based business model presents a viable solution to the challenges posed by second-hand sales. By offering products through a subscription service, manufacturers and retailers can regain control over the lifecycle of their products. This enables them to capture revenue from each use of the product, whether it is the first, second, or third time it is sold. Moreover, subscription models allow companies to maintain a direct relationship with customers, ensuring consistent brand representation and product quality.
Many circuly customers have pointed to this as a key reason for choosing a subscription-based business model, as it offers a solution to this challenge.
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Example: Dyson now sell refurbished items on platforms such as eBay. This strategic move recognises the demand for second-hand purchases and establishes a strong market presence.

Short Answer.
A high resale value indicates strong consumer demand for pre-owned, secondhand or refurbished products, signalling a robust secondary market. If retailers can create an avenue to get their products back from their customers, they can create additional revenue from the subsequent sale and use of the product.
The possibility to regain access to products can be created by launching a subscription-based business model in which consumers have an incentive to return the products when they are no longer needed or in use.
Detailed Answer.
High-quality products that are build to last often have a high-resale value. Such products can be seen on second-hand market places and their presence on secondary market places indicates a strong demand for pre-owned or secondhand products.
Often consumers sell products that no longer need on secondhand market places and end up getting a good price in exchange, even though the products may not be in the top-notch condition.
If retailers or manufacturers of such products were to retain the ownership of the products, they can regain the revenue from the second or third use of their product. Additionally manufacturers and retailers have the possibility of repairing and refurbishing the product which helps to add additional value to the product.
This generates additional revenue from the use and/or sale of the product, enables the brand to maintain control over its image and foster more touchpoints with customers.
Of course one needs to implement a strategy for getting the products back from the customers and here subscriptions have a very important part to play because subscription-based business models make it possible for retailers to regain access to their products and foster subsequent use.
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Short Answer.
Subscription-based models excel for products needing frequent upgrades or replacements.
Detailed Answer.
Products that frequently require upgrades or replacements align particularly well with subscription-based business models. For example, items like kids' bikes or baby strollers often need to be upgraded as children grow. Companies can leverage this need to create unique value propositions, instilling confidence in customers.
Take BikeClub, for instance, a circuly customer offering a subscription service where bikes grow with the child, allowing for seamless upgrades as they age. Similarly, Strollme provides a subscription model for strollers, enabling parents to adapt their stroller choice based on their evolving needs and their baby's growth.
The ability to upgrade and change products as needed provides customers with peace of mind, fostering trust and loyalty. Moreover, businesses that offer products tailored to evolving customer preferences attract consumers to subscription-based models, as they provide flexibility and convenience while minimising waste associated with obsolescence.
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Short Answer.
Tech products which can quickly become outdated or products that quickly evolve due to technological advancements are perfect for subscription models. Not only do tech enthusiasts get access to the latest technology without the burden for frequent purchases, businesses providing such a service benefit from steady flow of revenue and a loyal customer base.
Detailed Answer.
The Situation
Many products, such as consumer electronics, bikes, and hobby items, quickly become outdated due to the rapid changes driven by evolving technologies and shifting consumer preferences. This constant evolution often leaves individuals feeling overwhelmed as they struggle to keep up with the latest trends. Additionally, companies invest heavily in research and development, contributing to the continuous cycle of product obsolescence.
The Problem
The fast pace of technological advancement poses a challenge for both consumers and businesses. Consumers find it difficult to keep up with the latest innovations, leading to frustration and the burden of frequently updating their products. Meanwhile, businesses face the risk of losing customers who are hesitant to invest in products that might become outdated quickly. This cycle not only impacts customer satisfaction but also hinders revenue growth for businesses.
The solution
Subscription models emerge as a practical solution to this challenge. By offering updated products or services through subscriptions, businesses enable customers to access the latest innovations without the need for constant purchases. For instance, a smartphone subscription service could provide regular upgrades to the latest models, ensuring customers always have cutting-edge technology at their fingertips. This approach not only relieves consumers of the pressure to keep up with the latest trends but also provides them with a more affordable and convenient way to enjoy new technologies.
The Benefit
The benefits of subscription models extend to both customers and businesses. Customers enjoy the convenience of receiving updated products regularly, eliminating the hassle of constantly purchasing new items. This leads to increased customer satisfaction, loyalty, and overall value. For businesses, subscription models create a steady stream of revenue and help establish a loyal customer base. Additionally, the circular nature of subscription services allows businesses to retrieve products at the end of their lifecycle. These products can then be repaired, rented to other users, or sold on second-hand marketplaces, reducing waste and environmental impact while extracting value from used items. This sustainable approach not only benefits the environment but also enhances the overall value proposition for customers.

Short Answer.
Products that require setup assistance, ongoing maintenance and frequent repairs are particularly well-suited for subscription offerings specially now because more and more consumers are prioritising hassle-free consumption where they don't have to worry about things like repairs and maintenance. Companies that recognize this and implement solutions will be rewarded with a loyal customer base, increased customer satisfaction, and long-term revenue stability.
Detailed Answer.
Post-sale support and maintenance play a crucial role in ensuring product longevity and customer satisfaction. Products that require setup assistance and ongoing maintenance are particularly well-suited for subscription offerings.
In an era where consumers increasingly prioritise hassle-free consumption, subscription models provide an attractive solution. Take Swapfiets, for example, a bike subscription company based in the Netherlands. Their success stems from offering hassle-free bike ownership—customers never have to worry about bike repairs, making it a popular choice across various customer segments.This trend extends beyond bikes; consumers often prefer the convenience of having the company that manufactured the product, handle repairs and maintenance. Many people find dealing with repairs cumbersome and struggle to find reliable local solutions. In industries where post-sales support and maintenance are essential, a subscription model offers an all-inclusive service, enhancing customer satisfaction and loyalty.
As a result, many companies are integrating a servitisation aspect into their business models to have additional touchpoints with their target customers. By offering post-sale support and maintenance as part of a subscription package, businesses not only ensure product longevity but also foster circularity by extending product lifecycles through repair and maintenance services. This approach not only enhances customer satisfaction but also contributes to a more sustainable consumption model.
Examples
Swapfiets - The bike subscription company based in the Netherlands has gained significant popularity, particularly among university students, thanks to its compelling value proposition: "An always reliable bike." Subscribers emphasise the convenience of accessing a bike for their daily commute without the hassle of repairs, knowing that expert assistance is readily available when needed.
Bundles by Miele - Miele offers its washing machine in a leasing model for a very attractive price of €13 to €15 a month. To make the offer attractive and unique they offer post-sales support and take care of maintenance, repair and even pickup of the washing machine.

Short Answer.
More and more consumers are saying that they dislike the need to store products when not in use.
Offering products in the hobby, short-term, seasonal, or occasional use categories on a subscription basis provides practicality and cost-effectiveness for customers who may only need them temporarily. This approach minimises waste, enhances convenience, and aligns with evolving consumption patterns.
Detailed Answer.
Products that fall under hobby use, short-term use, seasonality, or occasional use are ideal candidates for a subscription-based business model. For example, items like gardening equipment, bikes, skis, and grills are often used seasonally or occasionally, making them well-suited for subscription services.
Customers may only need these items for a specific period or during certain times of the year, making a subscription model more practical and cost-effective than outright purchase.
Similarly, baby toys and clothes are typically needed for a short duration of time as children quickly outgrow them. Parents often find it more convenient to subscribe to these items rather than purchase them outright, as it eliminates the need to store unused items in their homes.
By offering these products on a subscription basis, businesses can cater to the varying needs and usage patterns of their customers while providing a more flexible and convenient solution. This not only enhances customer satisfaction but also promotes sustainable consumption practices by reducing waste and unnecessary accumulation of goods.